July 17, 2006
Volume 14, Issue 2
Easier Way to Send Large Attachments
Excerpted from Wall Street Journal Report by Walter Mossberg and Katherine Boehret
How many times have you wanted to e-mail a large attachment – like a bunch of digital photos, an album of songs, or a hefty video – but didn’t do so because it exceeded your e-mail provider’s, or the recipient’s, limits on attachment size, or because it might max out the recipient’s mailbox?
This frustration is growing increasingly common as better digital cameras produce bigger photos and larger video clips, and digital music becomes more widespread. Computer hard disks have grown nicely to accommodate these files, but limits on the size of e-mail messages haven’t. And, even if you could send such large attachments, it can take forever to send them via e-mail, partly because broadband upload speeds lag far behind download speeds.
Instead of suffering the frustration of a bounced e-mail, many folks have resorted to web-based services like Shutterfly or Kodak EasyShare Gallery or YouTube or Google Video for sharing digital photos and videos. They upload the files to these sites; then send links to their friends and family. But this method has major drawbacks. The recipients don’t get the full-size files on their own computers, and sometimes must register with the sites to view your material.
This week, we tested a new, free, application called Pando that aims to solve this problem without requiring you to use an intermediary website.
Pando lets you e-mail huge attachments – up to one gigabyte each – to anyone, without breaching e-mail size limits, or clogging anyone’s inbox. It comes in versions for both Windows and Macintosh computers, available for downloading at www.pando.com.
Pando, from DCIA Member Pando Networks, performed really well in our tests – even in its current "beta" or trial stage. It’s simple, fast, and effective, and it solves the large-attachment problem.
Pando works by merging the mechanism of e-mail with its own small program and a modified version of BitTorrent, a back-end file-transfer system best known until now for speeding up the downloading of large files like movies.
CacheLogic Raises $20 Million
P2P MEDIA SUMMIT participant CacheLogic this week announced closing a $20 Million Series C funding round led by Amadeus Capital Partners, strongly supported by existing investor 3i along with syndicate members Pentech Ventures and The Cambridge Gateway Fund.
CacheLogic will use the new funding to expand sales coverage for the company’s established peer-to-peer (P2P) technologies into new geographies and extend its product portfolio to provide support for the delivery of video content. CacheLogic is uniquely positioned to facilitate the use of P2P technology for content delivery over the Internet by balancing the requirements of both Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and content owners.
CacheLogic was founded in 2002 and has grown to become the leading provider of P2P technology to the ISP sector and the authority in its field. From this position, the next evolution for the company is to bring its technology and expertise together to facilitate a new generation of content distribution over the Internet. The springboard for this evolution is its current suite of complementary products, which offer carrier-grade solutions enabling ISPs to achieve significant cost savings through the intelligent management of P2P traffic across their networks.
Commenting on the investment, Amadeus Partner Simon Cornwell said, "2007 will be the year of first large-scale consumer launches of video content, currently being trialed by companies including the BBC, Warner Bros., and NTL. As more content owners embrace P2P to deliver content, this market has the potential to grow substantially over the next two years, and CacheLogic, already a global leader in P2P, is well positioned to become a major player in this space."
Pat Chapman-Pincher, CEO at CacheLogic said, "Having established CacheLogic as the leading provider of P2P technology to the ISP marketplace, we are now expanding our products to cater to the needs of content owners and distributors. With the benefit of this additional funding, we will quickly broaden our market coverage and bring exciting new offerings to market."
3i partner, Ben Gales, added, "We were first attracted to CacheLogic over 18 months ago as a company that understood the P2P space and its potential to transform the way rich media is distributed. We are delighted with how the business has developed since then. Today major firms are recognizing the value they can obtain from using CacheLogic’s solutions – reaping the economic benefits of P2P with the quality of service of conventional distribution networks. We look forward to working with Amadeus and the rest of the syndicate, to support management to achieve its future expansion plans.
Report from CEO Marty Lafferty
 On Monday, the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) demanded that UK Internet Service Providers (ISPs) Tiscali and Cable & Wireless disconnect fifty-nine of their customers whom the BPI accused of unauthorized music file sharing.
BPI Chairman Peter Jamieson said, "We have said for months that it is unacceptable for ISPs to turn a blind eye to industrial-scale copyright infringement. It is now up to them to put their house in order and pull the plug on these people."
Tiscali, which has which has 1.2 million broadband Internet customers in the UK, responded through its Communications Director Jody Haskayne who said, "IP addresses are not sufficient evidence for us to suspend someone’s account - we need a lot more than that."
Tiscali’s written reply included the statement, "You have provided no evidence of downloading taking place nor have you provided evidence that the shared drive was connected by the relevant IP address at the relevant time."
"We feel that the way the BPI has dealt with this issue is unfair," Haskayne said. "It seems rather like a media ambush. Instead of just contacting us, they also sent a copy of the letter they sent us to the press."
Adding to the dissension, a screen-shot provided by the BPI as evidence, according to some observers, seemed to violate the Computer Misuse Act.
By midweek, the Association of Independent Music (AIM) escalated the conflict by proposing an amendment to UK copyright law requiring ISPs to pay a levy for unauthorized file sharing that their Internet access services "enable."
Its proposed "Value Recognition Right (VRR)" would allow "the music industry to create a commercial relationship with any company deriving value from either the sharing or storage of music."
Brian Aherne, a spokesman for the Internet Service Providers Association (ISPA), retorted that the proposal was "ill-conceived," and said that the telecom industry would resist any attempts at implementation.
Such discord between the music industry and ISPs is not new. In April, Tiscali launched its Juke Box service, which allowed consumers to listen to streamed songs and share them with other registered users. The BPI, however, objected to the service’s high degree of interactivity and search functionality that helped users locate songs. The ISP abandoned the service after failing to resolve this dispute with the music industry.
A version of AIM’s approach was proposed previously as a "voluntary collective licensing" regime by the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF), but was rejected by US music industry leadership, not only for commoditizing music offerings, but also for failing to incentivize investment in new music development.
And now, in fact, more advanced music file-sharing business models are finally emerging, such as Peer Impact’s paid download P2P music offering, iMesh’s subscription P2P music offering, Qtrax’s ad-supported P2P music offering, GNAB’s white-label closed P2P music offering, and MyPeer’s hybrid multi-tier P2P music offering.
These innovative commercial solutions need to be nurtured and encouraged, rather than sabotaged by the adoption of a VRR-like step backwards towards a virtually stultified file-sharing distribution channel, which such a measure would presage.
The underlying conflict exposed by this week’s events, which visibly surfaced in England but also exists in most other jurisdictions, serves, however, to highlight a missing piece of the value chain that must be addressed in order to fully develop the P2P distribution channel.
In the analog world, the record industry makes payments for shipping costs to entities which transport CDs from manufacturers to retail outlets, and pays shelf-stocking fees to retailers for in-store placement-and-promotion. In short, in the highly mature CD distribution channel, each participant in the value chain is compensated for its contribution to the secure delivery of product to the end user.
In the P2P file-sharing distribution channel, that is not yet the case. While P2P software developers and distributors are finally emerging in consumer-facing roles comparable to that of CD retailers, ISPs are also clearly part of the digital conduit of music to the consumer, but have neither clearly defined commercial responsibilities nor compensation mechanisms such as CD transporters do in the physical realm.
The DCIA has previously noted that ISPs are uniquely qualified to perform an infrastructure role in the three "Fs" of P2P content security (file protection, client filtering, and network forensics) with their combination of ubiquitous data delivery systems and off-premises facilities.
Working with router manufacturers, for example, ISPs could install and maintain P2P protocol traffic-metering services at each point-of-presence (POP) to help ensure the integrity of copyrighted files and their usage rules. For this they would be compensated with a percentage of each consumption transaction whether monetization takes place through advertising, subscription, paid download, or other means of revenue generation.
The DCIA, which has examined additional alternatives for potential ISP participation in what promises to be a very robust commercial marketplace for content delivery via P2P file sharing, is willing to serve as a forum to further explore such private sector conflict resolution.
We encourage qualified music industry leaders and ISPs to work with us to help complete the work to define missing parts of this, the most productive and efficient channel available for distributing copyrighted works. We will continue to reach out to these entities and urge all interested and qualified parties to reciprocate by contacting us for more information. Share wisely, and take care.
Internet Not Music Industry’s Plaything
Excerpted from ZDNet Report
Is it a bird? Is it a plane? No… it’s the British Phonographic Industry. And it doesn’t fly. Unlike the real Superman, the music industry body has not been endowed with God-like powers to change the very fabric of time, space, and established law – just a vociferous PR department.
The latest example of thegroup attempting to make time stand still occurred this week when the BPI announced that, not content with taking legal action against file sharers itself, it thinks that ISPs should do its questionable work for it. BPI chairman Peter Jamieson issued an unequivocal missive calling on Tiscali and Cable & Wireless to "put their house in order and pull the plug" on some 59 Internet users for unauthorized file sharing. Unsurprisingly, the ISPsdemurred, saying that BPI had provided virtually no evidence that any wrongdoing has taken place.
Tiscali was extremely unlikely to play ball with the BPI anyway, as the music industry had recently forced the ISP to cancel its Juke Box P2P streaming music service."Clearly the major labels don’t understand the business potential of a service like Tiscali Juke Box which, by acknowledging and paying the rights for all songs being listened to in streaming mode, safeguards the rights of the industry and the artists," Tiscali said at the time.
The kind of thinking that would pull the rug on an innovative new business model while trying to threaten the same company into cutting off its own customers is not one that’s fit for the 21st Century. We can only conclude that the BPI’s motivation is not to recruit ISPs into its witch-hunt against file sharers, but rather create the appearance in the eyes of lawmakers that service providers are complicit in some kind of organized crime.
We look forward to the BPI calling on British Airways to stop holidaymakers flying back from Thailand because they might be carrying cheap CDs – we do not look forward to other companies in other industries telling ISPs to disconnect their customers because other sorts of licensing conditions have been breached.
The BPI could have chosen a stick-and-carrot approach by nurturing its relationship with Tiscali andencouraging the Juke Box service as a licensed alternative to unauthorized file sharing.
With its blinkered and one-track approach, the BPI has left the ISPs and file-sharers with nowhere to go. The BPI may not have X-ray vision, but one day it’s going to realize that hindsight is 20:20.
File Sharing Fills Nation’s MP3 Players
Excerpted from PC Pro Report by Simon Aughton
Almost one-fifth of the music on portable players in the UK was obtained from file-sharing networks, according to research published by British Music Rights (BMR), an umbrella organization representing a number of composers, songwriters, and music publishers.
P2P downloads made up 18 percent of the digital tunes, with a further 11 percent copied from friends’ CDs; 65 percent were ripped from purchased CDs, with the remaining 6 percent from paid-for download.
BMR published the figures to garner support for a music industry call for a change in copyright law.
This would allow it to levy license fees from the makers of portable players - such as iPods and other devices that can play digital music files - and from the ISPs that carry file-sharing traffic.
"Music contributes significantly to the take up and profitability of digital operators’ products and services - as borne out by the emphasis on access to music in adverts for broadband, mobile handsets, and hardware," BMR claims.
The organization cites evidence that P2P file sharing comprises over 60 percent of all Internet traffic by data volume. It claims that third parties (such as ISPs and device manufacturers) have built brands and attracted subscribers through the promotion of the benefits of broadband, emphasizing the possibilities of high speed and high volume music downloading.
Debate Continues Over Music Downloads
Excerpted from Korea Times Report by Kim Tong-Hyung
With music downloading sites beginning to charge subscribers for their file-swapping services, the debate continues as to whether companies should be allowed to profit from P2P music trading on the Internet.
The operators of Soribada, South Korea’s largest P2P network with more than 15 million users, this week started to charge subscribers a monthly fee of $3 to access their music file-sharing service, previously provided for free since the company’s establishment in 2000.
Soribada was heavily pressured by local recording companies and the Korean Association of Phonogram Producers (KAPP). They claimed that free file-swapping services have hurt record sales.
Soribada lost a legal battle with KAPP last year, when the Seoul Central District Court ordered the Internet company to scrap its free service model and charge subscribers for copyrighted music.
Following the ruling, the site was forced to temporarily close in November and only reopened four months ago to run a free trial-service before being transferred to the fee-based model.
"We are trying to put an end to our lengthy court battles with KAPP and other associations such as the Korea Music Copyright Association (KMCA) and the Korean Art Performing Association (KAPA)," said a Soribada official.
The company hopes to attract about 10 percent of its current membership to reapply for its new paid service by the end of the year.
Soribada’s transition to paid service had forced other P2P music networks such as FileGuri and V-Share to block their search and downloading services, as they plan their own models for paid service.
However, it bears further watching to see how far Soribada pushes its new fee-based model under current options, with recording companies already complaining that the music downloads are too cheap. Instead of fixed monthly fees, the recording companies are demanding Soribada charge users fees for every downloaded file.
Securing music content is expected to be another challenge for Soribada, which was hit by another lawsuit last month from 56 recording companies, not signed under KAPP, over copyright infringement.
With its continuing squabble with record companies over price and difficulties in securing music content, it is uncertain whether Soribada will be able to convince customers to move to its fee-based service.
"The problem is that Soribada will be charging for products that it does not own or create. It has no clear way to dictate the quality of the music files that are traded on its network and respond to customer complaints,’’ said Kim Deok-Hyun of the civic group Citizens’ Action Network (CAN).
The local record industry has been arguing that the unauthorized downloading of files has been hurting sales. But critics say that a causal link does not exist.
Online file sharing through P2P networks has become an increasingly contentious issue in Korea, where more than 70 percent of households have an Internet connection.
According to the Samsung Economic Research Institute (SERI), the digital music market first overtook the offline market in 2003, when it reached over 190 million dollars.
However, critics are skeptical of how far the record companies push to reduce unauthorized music downloads can go. They point out that the demise of the CD-based music market has more to do with a loss of market share than individual P2P activities, with sales from websites and telecom operators replacing a large part of the traditional market.
Skype Offers Free Intl Calls for US Users
Excerpted from All Headline News Report by Joanna Wypior
DCIA Member Skype, the popular voice over internet protocol (VoIP) service provider that has seen its popularity surge in recent months, has announced free international phone calls during the weekends for users based in the United States and Canada.
Users will be able to call the United Kingdom, Mexico, and Japan from their US or Canada-based computers.
Free weekend calling will be available July 22nd-23rd and July 29th-30th. The free international SkypeOut calling offer to each country runs 48 hours from 12:01 AM EDT Saturdays through Sundays at midnight EDT, when international calling is at a peak.
According to a survey conducted by Skype, 70 percent of users have revealed that they use the service to stay in touch with family and friends abroad and to make inexpensive phone calls to landlines and cellular phones, as well as to make free phone calls to other Skype users.
Furthermore, nearly 25 percent use Skype to make 100 percent of their international calls.
BitTorrent Improves on Image
Excerpted from C21 Media Report by Jonathan Webdale
P2P file-sharing service BitTorrent is continuing to reinvent itself as a friend of the TV industry, following up its recent Warner Bros. online distribution deal by signing firms including Image Entertainment.
BitTorrent was until recently regarded as one of the greatest threats to the TV industry, because its software allows users to trade in unauthorized versions of programs and films.
But the company is gearing up for a relaunch in the autumn and has been busy cleaning up its act since the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) made it a target of potential legal action last November.
BitTorrent’s rebirth was given the Warner Bros. blessing in May when the studio became the first US major to agree to offer a range of feature films and TV series, including "Babylon 5," via the service.
Now BitTorrent has added a further 1,600 video titles to its content library following deals with entertainment distributors Hart Sharp Video, Koch Entertainment, The Orchard, and Egami Media, a subsidiary of Image Entertainment.
The new content includes popular documentaries, feature-length and short films, live music concerts, comedy recordings, and TV series. Titles such as "Supersize Me," "Charlotte Sometimes," "The Dick Van Dyke Show," and "Kiss: Rock The Nation – Live!" are all on the list.
"Our goal is to provide our customers the widest selection of digital content available. As such, we’re excited to be teaming up with the leading entertainment distributors in the world," said Ashwin Navin, President & Co-Founder of BitTorrent.
"Unlike brick-and-mortar establishments that have limited shelf space, BitTorrent is able to provide our entire digital library of movie, music, TV, and special interest programs to consumers without being restricted by those physical limitations," said Martin Greenwald, President & CEO of Image Entertainment and Chairman of Egami Media.
"BitTorrent customers will be able to easily find and purchase programs from their favorite filmmakers, bands, or comedians with complete flexibility to view them on their PCs, laptops, portable devices, or throughout their home network."
GUBA Adds Sony Pix to Online Offerings
Excerpted from Daily Variety Report by Ben Fritz
Video-sharing site GUBA has signed its second studio, adding films from Sony to its new online movie store.
Netco, which for eight years has focused on user-created video, started selling digital downloads from Warner Bros. two weeks ago and this week adds Sony content. Site will start off with over 100 movies from Sony and expects to have over 500 within a year.
As with WB films, new releases will cost $19.99 to download, while library titles are $9.99. Some pics will also be available for online rental.
GUBA is the first site beyond studio-owned online movie vets Movielink and CinemaNow to start selling films online. Competitors including Apple iTunes and Amazon.com are expected to launch rival services later this year.
Video-sharing service BitTorrent already has a deal with Warner Bros. and just signed a pact with independent video and music distributors to add films, music concerts, documentaries, and other programming to its video store, expected to launch late in the Fall.
Red Swoosh Moves Ahead
Red Swoosh this week announced a monumental change in how it markets itself and how it works with the Internet community at large: Rafe at news.com’s blog nailed it; Arrington had the full scoop at TechCrunch; Robert Scoble imparted his vision for vlogging at Scobleizer; and Matt Marshall offered the finance tip at SiliconBeat. Red Swoosh even made it to the top of Digg! Not a bad day for the blogosphere.
Red Swoosh is now easy to understand and easy to use – its new self-service portal gets sites "swooshed" in no time. Many Swoosh services are now free, although it still also offers a premium service for major media companies. New widgets enhance media management and playback; and new Javascript tools support download management in HTML.
See how Askaninja (a popular vlogger) gets crazy in his Swoosh test clip – Operation Red Swoosh. Then take your own look at www.redswoosh.net, and let Founder Travis Kalanick know what you think.
Check out Red Swoosh’s blog, webforums, and developer section. The company’s mission is to make zero-cost bandwidth for file and video delivery a reality. Expect more interesting developments in the coming months.
IncomeHarvest Announces Online Toolset
File sharing is as popular as ever. But sharing huge video, photo, or audio files does not have to be problematic.
IncomeHarvest this week announced a solution that is easy to use, foolproof, and secure – a risk-free online toolset that enhances collaboration and provides an elegant, flexible way for global workgroups to remotely access and share digital content over the Internet using any web browser.
Coil and Coil_sparc, two Java-based applications developed by Cyprus-based Kanosis, allow users to create an online relationship through which they can securely and easily upload any type of file. In addition, task management and calendaring capabilities are available.
Instant messaging and unlimited bandwidth file-exchange are key elements of the Coil system – friends, business partners, or even casual associates can manage their interactions by creating groups based on either the kind of relationship or the type of work to be accomplished.
With Coil’s 2 GB encrypted and compressed storage space, files can be accessed quickly and reliably from anywhere in the world. Files are instantly available, no matter their format or file type, and the data stored is protected by both US and international law.
Any changes to folders and files are synchronized automatically. Remote users cannot directly access information on other PCs and all data is encrypted in transit – a solution that is more secure than conventional P2P networks.
The Java based software includes the Coil toolset, a member forum, individual and business web spaces, a 4-page website and blog – an entrepreneur-friendly environment that encourages strong peer relationships. The collaborative and administrative toolset makes it easy to access information and communicate globally.
Lee Matthews, President of IncomeHarvest, said, "Everyone can now share large files securely. Coil is very easy to use and, thanks to referral marketing, its users can use the service as a profit center."
IncomeHarvest employs relationship marketing for this software-as-a-service [SaaS]. Those who promote the collaborative file-sharing suite receive a referral fee – 70 percent of the $22 monthly subscription fee paid to those who introduce the service to the marketplace. Viral marketing with a bonus!
Carbon Project Demos P2P
This week at the Microsoft Worldwide Partner Conference in Boston, MA the Carbon Project demonstrated the world’s first P2P framework for sharing and finding location-based information and connecting directly with friends and neighbors.
The EchoMyPlace demonstration highlighted how conference attendees can use a local P2P digital community to share location-based content across the exhibition floor. With this P2P network, attendees easily created customized location-based notes about their local neighborhood, and then shared their messages or experiences using CarbonCloud.
"CarbonCloud uses P2P technology to enable connections directly between users’ computers so they can instantly share location content in a safe and secure environment. With CarbonCloud and our easy-to-use EchoMyPlace application you can create your own CarbonCloud neighborhoods, then instantly share your notes, digital photos, and maps with others through your own distributed network. There is no server or website involved; the connected computers is all it takes!" said Nuke Goldstein, CTO & COO of the Carbon Project.
Peer-to-Peer Turns Corporate
Excerpted from VNUNet Report by James Brown
P2P transfer technology will be widely used by businesses within the next three years, according to independent think-tank Organization and Technology Research (OTR).
The group has pinpointed the increasing adoption of the technology in a report published this week identifying IT trends that will have an impact over the next few years.
OTR believes P2P tools will move from the consumer sector and into the corporate arena. It predicts that the tools will be used to redistribute files and data on a network, rather than individual systems downloading direct from central servers.
David Rance, a consultant with OTR, says P2P has risen as a consumer technology, in forms such as BitTorrent and Kazaa, and businesses are now beginning to identify its potential benefits.
"P2P began as a way to download music, but now companies are starting to realize they can use it to download business files quicker," he said.
"The driving factor is the sheer volume of data and the distribution of various feeds. People want access to more and different streams of information, and the streams themselves are getting big." Distribution of software will be one of the main uses of P2P, said Rance.
"When the task is: ‘I need to get this big bit of software out to thousands of machines in my company or to all of my customers,’ this is the technique you need, otherwise your own servers would melt down under the pressure," he said.
Ovum P2P Technology Analyst Jonathan Arber says using the technology for large-scale distribution of data or computer programs makes sense.
"There is no reason why it couldn’t be used in an enterprise environment," he said.
"If you are a software designer working in Poland, for example, and you need to get that software to various different people in Washington DC, then you could definitely make use of P2P," he said.
File Sharing Court Case
Excerpted from The Inquirer Report by Nick Farrell
Oklahoma mother Debbie Foster was accused by the RIAA of unauthorized music downloading over Kazaa in November 2004. The RIAA said that it would leave the single mother alone if she paid $5,000.
However, Foster didn’t have $5,000 and, more to the point, she had not downloaded any music. In fact, she didn’t own a computer or know how to use one. Her name was on the broadband bill.
After finding a lawyer to represent her, Foster managed to get the case to court where the RIAA tried to cut its losses and withdraw. However, that would have meant that Foster would have to pay her legal costs, and so she tried to get the court to rule that the RIAA case should be dismissed "with prejudice," which meant that she could get the recording industry to pay her legal bills. The RIAA opposed the motion because it makes it more costly to back out of cases where there is a shortage of evidence to get to court.
So far, the RIAA has taken dead people and grandmothers to court on the basis of its technical evidence. If a few more fought back, its attempts to lean on people to settle out of court before a trail might prove a bit costly.
You can read details of the case here.
Coming Events of Interest
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Search Insider Summit – July 19th at Key Stone Resort, Keystone, CO. This event is a way for marketing and advertising professionals to share leading edge information on search marketing in a comfortable learning environment. Over one hundred marketers and agency decision makers will come together to share information and learn more about Search through general sessions, keynotes, research presentations, case studies, etc.
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Building Blocks 2006 – August 15th–17th in San Jose, CA. The DCIA is pleased to participate in this premier event for transforming entertainment, communication technologies and the global communications network: TV, cable, telco, consumer electronics, mobile, broadband, search, e-mail, VoIP, RSS, blogs and websites: "Disruptive Thinking – Change Agents That Transform the World –Where Content is King and Technology Rules."
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2006 Word of Mouth Marketing Forum – September 21st–22nd in Arlington, VA. Learn the ins and outs of one of the most innovative and efficient marketing techniques. New tools and technology have made Word of Mouth Marketing one of the best strategic tools marketers can use to build brand awareness and customer loyalty.
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OMMA Awards– September 26th at the Marriot Marquis in New York, NY. The OMMA Awards honor the brand marketers, agencies and content providers who continue to push the potential of online advertising creative. The OMMA Awards celebrate the year's most innovative and brilliant creative work in 27 categories. Submission deadline is July 28th.
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6th Annual Future of Music Policy Summit – October 5th–7th at McGill University in Montreal, Canada. FMC sees hosting this Summit in Canada as an opportunity to expand its perspective on a range of issues – from copyright, to sampling, to digital royalties, to radio, to how various musical communities are managing change. The music marketplace has become truly global, and some of the biggest challenges are navigating the assortment of legal and licensing schemes that encourage and/or impede the promotion and sale of music.
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